棉布環保袋真的環保嗎__紐約時報

admin caiji 2021-12-28 174瀏覽 0

無紡布袋訂做15838231350環保袋已成為品牌、零售商和超市傳達對地球友好的態度的一種手段——或者，至少要表明這些公司意識到了塑料在包裝中的過度使用。（在無紡布袋訂做15838231350大流行期間，棉布環保袋曾一度被暫停使用，當時人們擔心可重復使用的袋子可能留存病毒，但現在它們已完全恢復使用。）

設計師雷切爾·科米(Rachel Comey)說：“現在紐約有一種把商品穿在身上的趨勢：攜帶當地熟食店、五金店或他們最喜歡的牛排餐廳的環保袋?！保ā毒p聞女孩》的重啟劇集足以提供流行文化上的證明。）

那么，環保袋真的環保嗎？不完全是。事實證明，全心全意地推行棉布環保袋實際上可能導致了一個新問題。

《紐約時報》對此做了詳細分析報道，我們一起來了解一下

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Cotton bags have become a means for brands, retailers and supermarkets to telegraph a planet-friendly mind-set — or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging. (There was a brief lull in cotton tote use during the pandemic, when there were fears that reusable bags could harbor the virus, but they are now fully back in force.)

環保袋已成為品牌、零售商和超市傳達對地球友好的態度的一種手段——或者，至少要表明這些公司意識到了塑料在包裝中的過度使用。（在大流行期間，棉布環保袋曾一度被暫停使用，當時人們擔心可重復使用的袋子可能留存病毒，但現在它們已完全恢復使用。）

“There’s a trend in New York right now where people are wearing merch: carrying totes from local delis, hardware stores or their favorite steakhouse,” said the designer Rachel Comey. (See: the reboot of “Gossip Girl” for pop culture proof.)

設計師雷切爾·科米(Rachel Comey)說：“現在紐約有一種把商品穿在身上的趨勢：攜帶當地熟食店、五金店或他們最喜歡的牛排餐廳的環保袋?！保ā毒p聞女孩》的重啟劇集足以提供流行文化上的證明。）

So far, so earth-friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the wholehearted embrace of cotton totes may actually have created a new problem.

那么，環保袋真的環保嗎？不完全是。事實證明，全心全意地推行棉布環保袋實際上可能導致了一個新問題。

An organic cotton tote needs to be used 20,000 times to offset its overall impact of production, according to a 2018 study by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. That equates to daily use for 54 years — for just one bag. According to that metric, if all 25 of her totes were organic, Ms. Berry would have to live for more than a thousand years to offset her current arsenal. (The study has not been peer-reviewed.)

根據丹麥環境和食品部(Ministry of Environment and Food)2018年的一項研究，一個有機棉環保袋需要被使用2萬次才能抵消生產它所產生的整體影響。這相當于每天都使用同一個袋子，用上54年。照這樣計算，如果貝瑞的25個環保袋都是有機棉的，她將不得不活1000多年才能抵消她目前的環保袋庫存帶來的影響。（該研究尚未經過同行評審。）

第一，學習telegraph的用法。這個詞作及物動詞，表示to let people know what you intend to do without saying anything，流露，暴露〔意圖〕，例：A slight movement of the hand telegraphed his intention to shoot. 無紡布袋訂做15838231350手微微一動就暴露了他想要開槍的意圖。

第二，學習lull的用法。這個詞作可數名詞，表示a short period of time when there is less activity or less noise than usual，〔活動或噪聲的〕暫停，暫時平靜期，其后接in，例：a brief lull in the conversation 談話中短暫的沉寂

第三，學習arsenal的用法。這個詞作可數名詞，表示a large group of weapons that someone has，儲備的大批武器，例：Britain’s nuclear arsenal 英國的核武器。此外，這個詞還可以表示the equipment, methods etc that someone can use to help them achieve something，〔設備、方法等的〕寶庫，珍藏，例：a software package that’s now part of our arsenal 現已成為我們法寶之一的一個軟件包。

“Cotton is so water intensive,” said Travis Wagner, an environmental science professor at the University of Maine. And figuring out how to dispose of a tote in an environmentally low-impact way is not nearly as simple as people think.

“棉花非常耗水，”緬因大學(University of Maine)環境科學教授特拉維斯·瓦格納(Travis Wagner)說。要弄清楚如何以對環境造成較小影響的方式丟棄環保袋，也并不像人們想象的那么簡單。

You can’t, for example, just put a tote in a compost bin: Maxine Bédat, a director at the New Standard Institute, a nonprofit focused on fashion and sustainability, said she has “yet to find a municipal compost that will accept textiles.”

例如，你不能把環保袋就這樣放入堆肥箱中：專注于時尚和可持續發展的非營利組織新標準研究所(New Standard Institute)的主管馬克辛·貝達特(Maxine Bédat)說，她“尚未找到可以接受紡織品的城市堆肥”。

And only 15 percent of the 30 million tons of cotton produced every year actually makes its way to textile depositories.

每年生產的3000萬噸棉花中，只有15%真正進入了紡織品倉庫。

Even when a tote does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes used to print logos onto them are PVC-based and thus not recyclable; they’re “extremely difficult to break down chemically,” said Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu, a Seattle-based textile recycling firm. Printed patterns have to be cut out of the cloth; Mr. Stanev estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton Evrnu receives is wasted this way.

即使環保袋真的被送到了處理廠，無紡布袋訂做15838231350用于印制徽標的大多數染料也是基于PVC的，因此不可回收；位于西雅圖的紡織品回收公司Evrnu的聯合創始人克里斯托弗·斯塔內夫(Christopher Stanev)說，它們“極其難以通過化學方式分解”。印花圖案必須從布上剪下來；斯塔內夫估計，Evrnu收到的棉花中有10%到15%因為這個原因被浪費。

第一，學習dispose of sth的用法。這個動詞短語表示to get rid of something, especially something that is difficult to get rid of，清除，處理〔尤指難以清除的東西〕，例：an incinerator built to dispose of toxic waste 為處理有毒廢料建造的一座焚化爐

第二，學習depository的用法。這個詞作可數名詞，表示a place where something can be safely kept，存放處；貯藏室，倉庫。

At which point there is the issue of turning old cloth into new, which is almost as energy intensive as making it in the first place. “Textile’s biggest carbon footprint occurs at the mill,” Ms. Bédat said.

下一步的問題是，將舊布變成新布的過程幾乎與最初的制作一樣耗能。貝達特說：“紡織品最大的碳足跡發生在紡織廠。”

The cotton tote dilemma, said Laura Balmond, a project manager for the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s Make Fashion Circular campaign, is “a really good example of unintended consequences of people trying to make positive choices, and not understanding the full landscape.”

艾倫·麥克阿瑟基金會(Ellen MacArthur Foundation)的“讓時尚循環”(Make Fashion Circular)活動的項目經理勞拉·巴爾蒙德(Laura Balmond)表示，棉布環保袋的兩難困境“是一個非常好的例子，說明人們試圖做出積極的選擇，卻沒有了解整體情況，這導致了意想不到的后果”。

Buffy Reid, of the British knitwear label &Daughter, halted production of her cotton bags in April this year; she’s planning to implement an on-site feature where customers can opt into receiving one. Though Aesop isn’t halting production, the brand is converting the composition of their bags to a 60-40 blend of recycled and organic cotton.

無紡布袋訂做15838231350英國針織服裝品牌&Daughter的巴菲·里德(Buffy Reid)在今年4月停止了棉布環保袋生產，她打算在門店實施一種政策，顧客需要主動提出才可以得到袋子。Aesop沒有停產，不過品牌打算將袋子的成分改成60%回收棉和40%有機棉?！斑@會提高15%的成本，”桑托斯說，但是“用水可以減少70%到80%”。

Some brands are turning to other textile solutions. The British designer Ally Capellino recently swapped cotton for hemp, while Ms. Hindmarch introduced a new version of her original tote, this time made from recycled water bottles; Nordstrom also uses similar bags in its stores.

有的品牌在選擇別的面料方案。英國設計師埃莉·卡佩里諾(Ally Capellino)近日把棉布改成了麻布，而欣德馬奇推出了一種新版托特袋，使用回收水瓶制作；Nordstrom的門店里也有類似的袋子。

In the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. “Not every product needs a bag,” said Ms. Comey.

最簡單的解決方案也是最顯而易見的?！安⒎撬挟a品都需要一只袋子，”科米說。

第一，學習the political/social landscape的用法。這個詞組表示the general situation in which a particular activity takes place，政治/社會形勢，例：Recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political landscape. 最近的選舉風波動搖了歐洲政壇格局。

第二，學習blend的用法。這個詞作可數名詞，表示a product such as tea, tobacco, or WHISKY that is a mixture of several different types，混合品[物]〔如茶、煙草、威士忌等〕。此外，這個詞還可以表示a mixture of different things that combine together well，〔不同事物的〕融合，例：an excellent team, with a nice blend of experience and youthful enthusiasm 一支優秀的隊伍，既有經驗又有年輕人的熱情